A doctor explaining contraception options to a woman in a clinic

IUD (Alat Perancang Dalam Rahim): Jenis, Kesan & Risiko

十月 25, 2026 Drann Editorial Team

An IUD (intrauterine device), or alat perancang dalam rahim, is a small T-shaped device that a doctor or nurse puts into the womb to prevent pregnancy. There are 2 types: the copper IUD, which has no hormones and lasts 5 or 10 years, and the hormonal IUS (such as Mirena), which lasts 3 to 8 years and often makes periods lighter. Both are over 99% effective, safe while breastfeeding, and fertility returns straight away after removal. Side effects include period-like pain after fitting and, with the copper IUD, heavier periods. Neither protects against sexually transmitted infections. This guide explains the types, fitting, side effects, rare risks, pregnancy and when to get help.

Apa itu IUD (alat perancang dalam rahim)?

The NHS describes an IUD as a small plastic T-shape that a doctor or nurse puts into your womb (uterus). It is a long-acting method: once fitted, you do not need to remember it every day, unlike the pil perancang. Key facts from the NHS:

both types are over 99% effective: fewer than 1 in 100 women using one get pregnant each year;
both are safe to use while breastfeeding and do not affect your baby or milk supply;
after removal, your fertility returns to previous levels straight away;
neither stops you getting or passing on sexually transmitted infections, so condoms are still needed for that.

Jenis IUD: IUD tembaga vs IUS hormon (Mirena)

	Copper IUD (copper coil)	Hormonal IUS (hormonal coil)
How it works	Releases copper into the womb; no hormones	Releases the hormone progestogen into the womb
How long it lasts	5 or 10 years, depending on the type	3 to 8 years, depending on the type
When it starts working	As soon as it is put in	Straight away if fitted in the first 5 days of your period; otherwise use condoms for 7 days
Effect on periods	Periods may become heavier, longer or more painful; this may improve after a few months	Periods often become lighter or shorter, or stop; can be used to treat heavy periods
Other uses	Can be used as emergency contraception	Can be used as part of HRT for menopause symptoms
Brand names listed by the NHS	Not named	Mirena, Levosert, Kyleena, Jaydess, Benilexa

All information in this table is from the NHS. Brand names are included only because many readers search for them; Drann does not recommend any brand. Which type suits you depends on your health and your periods, so discuss it with a doctor. If you have heavy periods, see our guide to period berketul dan haid banyak; for menopause, see our guide to menopaus.

Siapa boleh pasang IUD?

A doctor or nurse will ask about your medical history first. The NHS says an IUD or IUS may not be suitable if you:

might be pregnant;
have a sexually transmitted infection or pelvic infection;
have problems with your womb or cervix, such as fibroids, or cervical cancer;
have unexplained bleeding between periods or after sex.

For the hormonal IUS, the NHS also lists breast cancer (now or in the past), womb cancer, a liver condition, and a history of serious heart disease or stroke. If any of these apply, ask the doctor about other options.

After giving birth. The NHS says an IUD or IUS can sometimes be fitted within 48 hours of birth, but you will usually be advised to wait until 4 weeks after birth. You can get pregnant from 3 weeks (21 days) after giving birth, so use another method, such as condoms, until it is fitted. See also our guide to berpantang.

After a miscarriage or abortion, an IUD or IUS can be fitted straight away, and you are protected straight away (NHS).

Cara pasang IUD: apa yang berlaku

The NHS describes fitting at a clinic by a specially trained doctor or nurse:

you might be offered a test for sexually transmitted infections and a pregnancy test first;
the doctor or nurse gently puts a speculum into the vagina, as in a Pap smear, and inserts the IUD into the womb through the cervix;
fitting takes about 5 to 10 minutes, but allow at least 30 minutes for the appointment.

Pain. The NHS says most people have some pain during fitting. You may want to take paracetamol or ibuprofen an hour before, and you can ask about extra pain relief such as a local anaesthetic. Tell the person fitting it if you feel pain; you can ask them to stop at any time, and you can have a friend, family member or a staff member with you. Afterwards, you might have period-like pain and light bleeding for a few days.

Cara periksa tali IUD

An IUD has 2 thin, soft threads that hang down a little way into the top of the vagina. The NHS says the doctor or nurse will teach you how to feel them, and advises checking a few times in the first month and then regularly, such as after each period.

If you cannot feel the threads, your IUD might not be in place and you might not be protected. Get help from a clinic straight away, use another method of contraception until it has been checked, and ask whether you need emergency contraception (NHS). The NHS notes that an IUS can make some types of emergency pill less effective; see our guide to pil perancang kecemasan.

Your partner should not be able to feel the threads during sex. If they can and it is a problem, see a doctor or nurse to have the threads checked (NHS).

Kesan sampingan IUD dan haid

	Copper IUD	Hormonal IUS
After fitting	Period-like pain for a few days	Period-like pain and spotting
Periods	May become heavier, longer or more painful; may improve after a few months	For 3 to 6 months: may be longer, irregular or more frequent; later often lighter, shorter or stop
Bleeding between periods	May happen	Light bleeding may happen in the first months
Other	A small chance of thrush that keeps coming back	Small, usually harmless ovarian cysts; a small chance of thrush that keeps coming back

The NHS says some IUS users report headaches, acne, sore breasts and mood changes, but there is not enough evidence to say whether the IUS causes these. Side effects of the IUS are most common for a few months after fitting, and many users have none. See a doctor if irregular or heavy bleeding continues for longer than 6 months. For thrush, see our guide to jangkitan yis faraj; for period pain, see our guide to senggugut.

Risiko IUD yang jarang berlaku

The NHS says IUDs and IUSs are very safe, but lists some rare risks:

pelvic infection, usually within 3 weeks of fitting;
the device moving or coming out, usually within 3 months of fitting;
damage to the womb;
ectopic pregnancy in the rare case that it fails (see our guide to mengandung luar rahim).

The NHS says a copper IUD is not affected by other medicines, including herbal remedies, and an IUS is not affected by most medicines.

IUD dan kehamilan: gagal, buka dan mengandung semula

Many readers search for "IUD pregnancy". The answers depend on the situation:

Getting pregnant with an IUD in place is rare (fewer than 1 in 100 women a year, NHS). If you think you might be pregnant, get urgent medical advice, because ectopic pregnancy is one of the rare risks if an IUD fails. See our guide to tanda-tanda mengandung.
Wanting a baby: a trained doctor or nurse can remove an IUD at any time, and the NHS says you can get pregnant as soon as it is taken out.
Not wanting to get pregnant after removal: use another method, such as condoms, starting 7 days before it is removed (NHS).
Emergency contraception: a copper IUD fitted within 5 days of unprotected sex is the most effective form of emergency contraception, and can then be kept as regular contraception (NHS; see our guide to pil perancang kecemasan).

IUD di Malaysia

A survey of 240 doctors in Kuala Lumpur, published by researchers from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, notes that IUD use in Malaysia is still low. The doctors' knowledge of IUDs was average overall and lower in the private sector, and doctors who knew more about the method used it more. If you are interested in an IUD, it is reasonable to ask your klinik kesihatan or doctor whether they fit them, or to be referred to a clinic that does.

A case report from Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, describes a 41-year-old woman whose copper IUD had been fitted 12 years earlier and then forgotten; it had moved out of the womb and she was treated for an ectopic pregnancy. The authors stress checking the IUD threads regularly. This was a single rare case, but it is a good reminder to note the date your IUD was fitted and when it is due to be removed.

Bila perlu dapatkan bantuan segera

Ask for an urgent doctor's appointment (NHS) if you have an IUD or IUS and:

you have pain in your lower tummy and painkillers do not help;
you get sudden pain in your lower tummy that gets worse or does not go away;
you have a high temperature;
you have abnormal or smelly discharge (see our guide to keputihan);
you have very heavy vaginal bleeding;
you think you might be pregnant;
you cannot feel the threads, or they feel different.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

IUD meaning: apa itu IUD (what is an IUD)?

An IUD (intrauterine device) is a small T-shaped device that a doctor or nurse puts into the womb to prevent pregnancy. In Malay it is often called alat perancang dalam rahim. The NHS describes 2 types: the copper IUD (copper coil), which has no hormones, and the hormonal IUS (hormonal coil), which releases the hormone progestogen. Both are over 99% effective.

Berapa lama IUD boleh tahan (how long does an IUD last)?

The NHS says a copper IUD lasts 5 or 10 years, and a hormonal IUS lasts 3 to 8 years, depending on the type. A trained doctor or nurse can remove it at any time before then. Ask your doctor when yours is due to be removed or replaced, and keep a note of the date.

Boleh mengandung dengan IUD (can I get pregnant with an IUD)?

It is rare. The NHS says fewer than 1 in 100 women using an IUD or IUS get pregnant each year. The NHS lists ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy outside the womb) as a rare risk if an IUD fails. See a doctor urgently if you think you might be pregnant with an IUD in place, especially if you have pain low in your tummy.

Apa kesan sampingan IUD (what are the side effects of an IUD)?

With a copper IUD, the NHS says periods may become heavier, longer or more painful, which may improve after a few months, and there may be bleeding between periods. With a hormonal IUS, periods often become lighter or stop, but may be irregular for the first 3 to 6 months. Both can cause period-like pain for a few days after fitting.

Sakit ke masa pasang IUD (does it hurt to have an IUD fitted)?

The NHS says most people have some pain during fitting, which takes about 5 to 10 minutes. You can take paracetamol or ibuprofen an hour before, and ask the doctor about extra pain relief such as a local anaesthetic. You can ask them to stop at any time, and you may have period-like pain and light bleeding for a few days afterwards.

Lepas buka IUD, cepat ke boleh mengandung (how soon can I get pregnant after removal)?

The NHS says fertility returns to previous levels straight away after an IUD or IUS is removed, so you can get pregnant as soon as it is taken out. If you do not want to get pregnant, use another method such as condoms from 7 days before the removal.

Bila perlu jumpa doktor selepas pasang IUD (when should I see a doctor)?

Get urgent medical help if you have pain in your lower tummy that painkillers do not help or that gets worse, a high temperature, unusual or smelly discharge, very heavy bleeding, you think you might be pregnant, or you cannot feel the IUD threads or they feel different. Use another method of contraception until a doctor has checked your IUD.

Disclaimer

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for advice, diagnosis or treatment from a doctor. Brand names are mentioned only because readers search for them; Drann does not recommend any brand. Health supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

References

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